• Conduct a desk review of relevant ILO standards and national laws governing recruitment and overseas employment in selected countries. • Develop a structured comparative analytical framework covering licensing, regulation, monitoring/inspection, and accountability systems. • Undertake comparative country analysis and a Pakistan-specific gap assessment against ILO Fair Recruitment standards. • Conduct stakeholder consultations, with more in-depth engagement in Pakistan, to document practical challenges and good practices. • Prepare draft and final reports (including comparative tables and policy recommendations) and support a validation workshop with presentation materials.